Noun & Pronoun

Noun

Definition:-     A noun is the name of any person, place, animal or thing.

   e.g. - Ram, Shyam, Box etc.

Or

  A noun is a naming word.

Kinds of Noun: There are five kinds of noun:-

1.Proper Noun:- A proper noun is the name of any particular person, place, animal or thing.

e.g.- Ram, America, India, Ganga etc.

2.Common Noun:- A common noun is the name of the class given to any person, place, animal or thing.

e.g.- Country, river, boy, bench etc.

3.Collective Noun:- A collective noun is the name of the collection of any person, animal or thing, when the collection is thought as a whole.

e.g.- Crowd, class, army, herd etc.

4.Material Noun:-  A material Noun is the name of any material substance which we can only weigh or measure but can’t count.

e.g. - Water, oil, milk, wood etc.

5.Abstract Noun:- An abstract noun is a state or feeling, which we can only think or fill of but can’t see or touch.

e.g.- Honesty, warmth, childhood etc.

According to Modern English Grammar

According to Modern English Grammar, there are three kinds of Noun:

1.Proper Noun: Already read.

2.Countable Noun: The noun which can be counted is called a countable noun.

e.g. – table, book, fridge, pen etc.

Note: All common and collective nouns are                                     countable nouns.

3.Uncountable Noun: The noun which can’t be counted is called an uncountable noun.

e.g. – wheat, milk, wood, gold, wisdom etc.

Note: All material and abstract nouns are                                       uncountable nouns.

Pronoun

Definition: A pronoun is a word which is use instead of a noun.

                                                              Or

A pronoun is a word which is used in the place of a noun.

e.g. – Ram is an honest boy. He is my friend.

Kinds of Pronoun: There are nine kinds of Pronoun.

1.Personal Pronoun:  All the three persons (1^st,   2^nd&3^rd) are called Personal Pronouns.

e.g. – He is playing cricket.

You are going to market.

2.Possessive pronoun: The pronoun which shows possession is called Possessive Pronoun.

e.g. – This book is mine.

           That cap belongs to her.

        (Mine, ours, yours, theirs, his, hers etc.) 

3.Reflexive Pronoun: When the action done by the subject reflects upon the subject, the used pronoun is known as Reflexive Pronoun.

e.g. – I hurt myself.

          The dog choked itself.

(Myself, ourselves, yourself/yourselves, themselves, himself, herself, itself)

Note: All the Reflexive pronouns are actually the objects of the sentences in which they are used.

4.Emphatic Pronoun: The pronoun which emphasizes the action done in a sentence is called Emphatic Pronoun.

e.g. – I will do it myself.

          The town itself is not very large.

(Myself, ourselves, yourself/yourselves, themselves, himself, herself, itself)

Note: In opposite of/to Reflexive Pronouns, Emphatic pronouns are not the objects of the sentences.

5.Demonstrative Pronoun: This, that, these and those are called Demonstrative Pronouns.

e.g. – This is a present for my uncle.

          Mumbai mangoes are better than those of Bangalore.

6.Distributive Pronoun: Each, either and neither are called Distributive Pronouns because they refer to people or things one at a time.

e.g. – Each of the men was paid Rs 100.

           Neither of the two roads lead to the station.

7. Relative Pronoun: The pronoun which shows relation to noun is called Relative Pronoun.

e.g. – I met Hari who had just returned.

          Here is the book that you lent me.

Uses of Relative Pronouns: Various relative pronouns are used in various ways:

Who: It is used for people only. It may refer to a Singular or a Plural Noun.

e.g. – The man who is honest is trusted.

           They never fail who die in a great cause.

Whose: It is used in speaking of persons, but sometimes of things without life.

e.g. – The sun, whose rays give life to the earth, is regarded                by some people as a god.

Which: It is used for things without life and for animals. It may refer to a Singular or a Plural noun.

e.g. – The moment which I lost is lost forever.

 That: It is used for people and things. It may refer to a Singular or a Plural noun. It has no genitive case and it is never used with a preposition preceding.

e.g. – This is the boy I told of you.

           The crowd that gathered cheered him to the echo.

 What: It refers to things only. It is used without an antecedent expressed, and is equivalent to that which.

e.g. – I say what I mean.

          What is one man’s meat is another man’s poison.

8. Indefinite Pronoun: The pronoun which refers to a person or a thing in a general way but does not refer to any   person or thing in particular is called Indefinite Pronoun.

e.g. – We did not see any of them again.

           Somebody has stolen my watch.

          One or other of us will be there.

9. Interrogative Pronoun: The pronoun which is used to ask a question is called an Interrogative Pronoun.

e.g. – What do you want?

           Whose is this book?

           Whom did you see?